12 plants and 5 animals make up 75% of diets around the world

The Dietary Staples of the World: A Closer Look at Key Plants and Animals

Around the globe, the culinary practices of various cultures are remarkably diverse, yet a common thread weaves through the diets of many nations. Surprisingly, just 12 plants and 5 animals account for 75% of what people consume worldwide. Understanding these staples sheds light on global agricultural practices, nutritional choices, and cultural traditions.

The 12 Key Plants

1. Rice: The backbone of diets in Asia, rice is a staple that provides essential carbohydrates. It is versatile and can be served in countless ways, from sushi to risottos.
2. Wheat: As a primary ingredient in bread, pasta, and many baked goods, wheat is a major source of nourishment in Europe, North America, and parts of Asia.
3. Corn (Maize): Essential in the Americas and increasingly used in Africa and Asia, corn serves not only as a food source but also as animal feed and biofuel.
4. Soybeans: Rich in protein and oil, soybeans are fundamental to vegetarian diets and are processed into various products, including tofu, soy milk, and sauces.
5. Potatoes: Once a staple in the Andean regions, potatoes have spread globally. Their versatility and nutrient content make them a vital food source in many countries.
6. Cassava: A major source of carbohydrates in Africa and parts of South America, cassava is drought-resistant and provides a reliable food source in rural areas.
7. Sugarcane: This plant is not only crucial for producing sugar but also is a significant source of bioethanol, adding to its global importance.
8. Barley: Known for its health benefits, barley is widely used in soups, stews, and as animal fodder, particularly in Europe.
9. Sorghum: A drought-resistant grain primarily consumed in Africa and India, sorghum is a staple for many communities that rely on hardy crops.
10. Millet: Another staple in Africa and Asia, millet is packed with nutrients and serves various culinary needs, from porridge to flatbreads.
11. Oats: Increasingly popular for their health benefits, oats are primarily consumed in North America and parts of Europe, often in breakfast cereals.
12. Beans: Diverse in their varieties, beans are rich in protein and essential nutrients, finding a place in diets across Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

The 5 Key Animals

1. Chicken: One of the most widely consumed meats globally, chicken provides a lean source of protein and is a key ingredient in countless cuisines.
2. Cattle: Beef from cattle forms part of the diet in many countries, particularly in the Americas and Australia, where it is often grilled, roasted, or used in stews.
3. Pork: A staple in numerous cultures, pork boasts versatility and is featured in a range of dishes, from sausages to barbecued ribs.
4. Goat: Particularly prevalent in Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia, goat meat is sumptuous and low in fat. Its milk is also widely consumed.
5. Fish: A primary protein source for millions, particularly in coastal regions, fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and plays a critical role in both nutrition and culture.

Conclusion

The reliance on these 12 plants and 5 animals illustrates not only the agricultural practices of the world but also highlights the interconnectedness of global food systems. These staples enable societies to thrive, adapt, and innovate their culinary traditions while raising important discussions about sustainability, nutrition, and food security. As we navigate an ever-evolving world, understanding the significance of these dietary linchpins is crucial for promoting healthy eating patterns and sustainable agricultural practices.